Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a framework developed by the Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST) that guides the design of learning environments to make them accessible and meaningful for all individuals. Instead of retrofitting accommodations for students with disabilities, UDL advocates for proactively designing curricula, instruction, and assessments...

Blended learning, often referred to as hybrid learning, represents an educational model where students participate both physically in a classroom and virtually from a remote location. This approach offers flexibility and accessibility but creates significant technological challenges, especially concerning audio transmission. Unlike purely in-person or purely online formats, blended environments...

The classroom environment, rich with dynamic learning and social interaction, is primarily an auditory space. Educators deliver 80% or more of all instructional content verbally. For many students, listening is effortless, but for those with special needs, the auditory pathway—the road from the teacher’s mouth to the student’s comprehension—can be...